Nationally funded health management projects for older adults in China and the United States: Comparative analysis based on data from two principal institutions.

Objectives: To systematically summarize and compare the health management projects on the aged population funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the US and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in China. Methods: All elderly-related projects from 2007 to 2022 were retrieved by searching the project titles, abstracts, and keywords such as "older adults," "elderly," "aged," "health management," and so on. Python, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to extract, integrate, and visualize the relevant information. Results: A total of 499 NSFC projects and 242 NIH projects were retrieved. For both countries, prestigious universities and institutions received the most funded projects; the projects that got the most funds were longitudinal studies. Both countries attach great importance to investment in the health management of the aged population. However, different focuses existed in health management projects for older adults in the two countries due to distinct national conditions and development levels. Conclusions: The analysis results of this study can provide a reference for other countries with similar challenges of population aging. Effective measures should be taken to promote the transformation and implementation practice of the project achievements. Nurses can benefit from these projects and facilitate the translation of relevant research findings into clinical practice to improve nursing quality for older adults.

Sources of funding for research articles in medical education journals from 1999 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies report that most published medical education research is unfunded. We sought to determine the extent and sources of funding for medical education research articles published in leading journals, and how these have changed in the last two decades. METHODS: All research articles published in Academic Medicine, Advances in Health Sciences Education, Medical Education and Medical Teacher in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 were reviewed for funding declarations. Funding sources were categorised as: government; university; healthcare organisation; private not-for-profit organisation; and for-profit company. Time trends were analysed using the Cochran-Armitage test. RESULTS: 1822 articles were analysed. Over the aggregate 20-year period, 44% of all articles reported funding, with the proportion increasing from 30% in 1999 to 50% in 2019 (p < .001). The proportion of articles with government (10% to 16%, p = .049), university (6% to 17% p < .001), and not-for-profit funding sources (15% to 20%, p = .04) increased. Proportions of healthcare (3% to 4%, p = .45) and for-profit funding (2% to 1%, p = .25) did not significantly change with time. CONCLUSIONS: Over the last 20 years, the proportion of funded published medical education research has significantly increased, as has funding from government, universities, and not-for-profit sources. This may assist researchers in identifying funders with a track record of supporting medical education research, and enhances transparency of where research funding in the field originates.

Analysis of funding in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging research projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2013 to 2022 / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To analyze the application and funding status of various projects of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2013 to 2022, and explore the challenges faced by basic research and clinical transformation in this field.Methods:From 2013 to 2022, application and funding information of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging projects (secondary code H2704, H2706) from five departments of Medical Science Department of NSFC were retrospectively collected. The number of applications, number of funding, funding direction, funding intensity, distribution of supporting units and research hotspots of various projects in this field were analyzed.Results:From 2013 to 2022, the total number of applications of various projects in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging reached 5 387, and the total number of grants reached 899. The number of applications and grants showed a steady growth trend. The overall funding intensity increased from 48.935 0 million yuan in 2013 to 59.495 4 million yuan in 2022, with the increase of 21.58%. Among all supporting units, Shanghai Jiao Tong University topped the list for both the number of applications (440) and the number of grants (82), Xiamen University ranked the first in terms of overall funding rate (25.42%, 30/118), and Peking University ranked the first in terms of total funding intensity (41.897 1 million yuan). Research hotspots focused on the construction of tumor targeted molecular probes and precise imaging of tumor internal molecular components.Conclusion:In the past decade, the number of related projects and total funding of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging supported by NSFC have steadily increased, and the types of funded projects are diverse and interdisciplinary, promoting the innovative development of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging disciplines in China.

Modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología / Model for evaluating the researching competence of the graduate in Imaging

Fundamento: la evaluación del desempeño profesional y la competencia constituye el eje fundamental del modelo cubano para el análisis y evaluación de la calidad en la educación y práctica médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en los centros de atención secundaria del municipio Holguín desde 2021 a 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis, sistémico-estructural-funcional y modelación; y empíricos: análisis documental y cuestionario a licenciados en Imagenología. Para la valoración del modelo se empleó el criterio de 10 especialistas con reconocido prestigio en los centros de atención. Los indicadores fueron la pertinencia, utilidad, factibilidad. Resultados: se constataron insuficiencias en la competencia investigativa evidenciadas en el desempeño profesional. Se elaboró un modelo de evaluación compuesto por dos subsistemas: teórico funcional y contextualización; de sus relaciones deviene una nueva cualidad que se enuncia en la mejora del desempeño profesional investigativo para la solución de problemas tecnológicos y biomédicos. Conclusiones: los dos subsistemas que componen el modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa tienen una relación de coordinación. Los especialistas lo valoraron como pertinente, útil y factible de ser aplicado.

Background: the evaluation of professional performance and competence constitutes the fundamental axis of the Cuban model for the analysis and evaluation of quality in medical education and practice. Objective: to design a model for evaluating the research competence of the graduate in Imaging. Methods: a development investigation was carried out in the secondary care centers of the Holguín municipality from 2021 to 2022. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, systemic-structural-functional and modeling; and empirical: documentary analysis and questionnaire to graduates in Imaging. To evaluate the model, the criteria of 10 specialists with recognized prestige in care centers were used. The indicators were relevance, usefulness, feasibility. Results: insufficiencies in the researching competence were found, evidenced in professional performance. An evaluation model composed of two subsystems was developed: functional theory and contextualization; from their relationships becomes a new quality that is expressed in the improvement of professional researching performance for the solution of technological and biomedical problems. Conclusions: the two subsystems that make up the research competence evaluation model have a coordination relationship. The specialists valued it as pertinent, useful and feasible to be applied.

National Institutes of Health diversity supplements: Perspectives from administrative insiders.

BACKGROUND: The NIH Diversity Administrative Supplement is a funding mechanism that provides support for diverse early-stage researchers. There is limited guidance on how to apply for these awards. PURPOSE: We describe perspectives of NIH program/diversity officers and university research administrators offering recommendations for diversity supplement submission. METHODS: This article is the product of a working group exploring diversity in research. Nursing faculty from an R2 Historically Black College and University and an R1 research intensive university conducted stakeholder interviews with NIH program/diversity officers and university research administrators. We used content analysis to categorize respondents' recommendations. FINDINGS: Recommendations centered on harmonizing the applicant with the program announcement, communication with program/diversity officers, mentor/mentee relationship, scientific plan, and systematic institutional approaches to the diversity supplement. DISCUSSION: Successful strategies in submitting diversity supplements will facilitate inclusion of diverse researchers in NIH-sponsored programs. Systematic approaches are needed to support development of diverse voices to enhance the scientific community.

Tareas docentes para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en la Licenciatura en Enfermería / Teaching tasks for the development of researching skills in the Bachelor of Nursing degree

RESUMEN Fundamento: la tarea docente constituye la célula básica del proceso docente educativo, a la vez que es una vía para la formación y desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes. Objetivo: diseñar tareas docentes para la asignatura Farmacología I de Licenciatura en Enfermería como vía para el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos durante el primer semestre del curso 2018-2019 en los estudiantes de segundo año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y sistémico-estructural; del nivel empírico: el análisis documental, criterio de expertos y matemáticos. Resultados: el análisis de los informes escritos de investigación realizados por los estudiantes permitió diagnosticar el comportamiento de las habilidades investigativas, donde se evidenció que la mayoría estuvieron evaluados de regular en las variables estudiadas. Se diseñaron las tareas docentes desde la asignatura de Farmacología I y se compararon los resultados al final de su aplicación en el proceso docente educativo, donde se constataron resultados favorables. Conclusiones: se diseñaron tareas docentes desde la asignatura Farmacología I de Licenciatura en Enfermería para desarrollar habilidades investigativas, a fin de elevar la calidad de los futuros profesionales, las cuales fueron valoradas satisfactoriamente por los especialistas.

ABSTRACT Background: the teaching task constitutes the basic cell of the teaching-learning process, at the same time that it is a way for the formation and development of researchingt skills in students. Objective: to design teaching tasks for the Pharmacology I subject of the Nursing Degree as a way to develop researching skills. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos during the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic year in the second year students of the Bachelor of Nursing degree. Theoretical level methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and systemic-structural; of the empirical level: documentary analysis, expert and mathematical criteria. Results: the analysis of the written research reports made by the students allowed diagnosing the behavior of the researching skills, where it was shown that the majority were evaluated as average in the variables studied. The teaching tasks were designed from the subject of Pharmacology I and the results were compared at the end of its implementation in the teaching teaching process, where favorable results were verified. Conclusions: teaching tasks were designed from the Pharmacology I subject of the Nursing Degree to develop researching skills, in order to raise the quality of future professionals, which were satisfactorily assessed by the specialists.

El paradigma de investigación cualitativa en la educación médica / The qualitative research paradigm in medical education

RESUMEN Introducción: la investigación cualitativa aplicada a la salud reconoce la interdependencia entre el investigador y los actores que participan en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. La influencia de este paradigma viene dada por la importancia que le da al conocimiento del sentido común, la vida cotidiana, el espacio donde transcurre y se construye la existencia, a fin de encontrar respuestas y otras dimensiones al proceso salud-enfermedad. Objetivo: exponer la importancia de los principales elementos del paradigma de investigación cualitativa en la salud a través de la educación médica. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas y documentos obtenidos de búsquedas en Google Académico y SciELO, bases de datos en Infomed a partir de palabras claves definidas durante el período 2016-2020. Se seleccionaron 37 documentos que incluyeron normativas y estudios clásicos vinculados a la temática. El análisis de contenido de los documentos seleccionados permitió exponer la importancia sobre los principales elementos del paradigma de investigación cualitativa en salud los que fueron valorados críticamente teniendo en cuanta la experiencia de los autores. Desarrollo: la investigación cualitativa explora la concepción cultural y simbólica que la población tiene. Es útil para comprender los aspectos subjetivos de la salud y la enfermedad, genera información valiosa sobre el contexto-ambiente, vivencias y significados que construyen los sujetos. Conclusiones: lo cualitativo en la investigación en salud permite adentrarse en el mundo del sentido común y búsqueda de significados para poder encontrarle sentido al síntoma, al signo desde lo subjetivo vivido por quien lo padece.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Qualitative research applied to health recognizes the interdependence between the researcher and the actors who participate in the knowledge construction process. The influence of this paradigm is given by the importance it gives to the knowledge of common sense, daily life, the space where existence takes place and it is built, in order to find answers and other dimensions to the health-disease process. Objective: to present the importance of the main elements of the paradigm of qualitative research in health through medical education. Methods: a review of bibliographic sources and documents obtained from searches in Google Scholar, SciELO, and Info med databases was carried out based on keywords defined during the 2016-2020 period. 37 documents were selected that included regulations and classic studies related to the topic. The content analysis of the selected documents allowed exposing the importance of the main elements of the qualitative research paradigm in health, which were critically assessed taking into account the experience of the authors. Development: qualitative research explores the cultural and symbolic conception that the population has. It is useful to understand the subjective aspects of health and disease, it generates valuable information about the context-environment, experiences and meanings that the subjects construct. Conclusions: the qualitative paradigm in health research allows entering the world of common sense and search for meanings to be able to find meaning to the symptom, to the sign from the subjective experience of those who suffer from it.

La comunicación científica en investigaciones que asumen el enfoque cualitativo: una mirada valorativa / Scientific communication in researches that assume the qualitative approach: an evaluative view

RESUMEN Fundamento: la comunicación de los resultados científicos resulta un proceso complejo máxime si se trata de describir, narrar o valorar el proceso investigativo desde el enfoque cualitativo de la investigación. Objetivo: valorar algunos aspectos de la comunicación de los resultados científicos en investigaciones que asumen un enfoque cualitativo, relacionados con su defensa oral, redacción y metodología de la investigación. Métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas durante noviembre-diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: inductivo-deductivo, de lo abstracto a lo concreto y sistematización; empíricos: análisis documental de tesis, tesinas y otros trabajos de culminación de grado y la observación participante de los autores en diversos escenarios: defensas de doctorados y maestrías, actuando como oponentes o miembros de los diferentes tribunales, o como árbitros en la revisión de artículos científicos. Resultados: el análisis documental y la práctica contextualizada de los autores en diversos escenarios permitió constatar que no siempre los resultados científicos de estudios cualitativos se comunican con el rigor, claridad, exactitud y concreción que exigen las normas de este tipo de comunicación. A pesar de que se asume un enfoque cualitativo, en la lectura del texto científico no queda con suficiente claridad este posicionamiento, que en el área de las ciencias médicas suele ser altamente complejo por la versatilidad de su objeto de estudio. Otra de las problemáticas existentes consiste en la omisión de métodos y técnicas propios de la investigación científica. Conclusiones: la comunicación de resultados científicos en las investigaciones que asumen el enfoque cualitativo resulta un proceso dinámico y complejo por excelencia desde sus núcleos dialécticos a tono con el carácter social de la ciencia en sus análisis cualitativos.

ABSTRACT Background: the communication of scientific results is a complex process, especially when it comes to describing, narrating or evaluating the researching process from the qualitative approach of the investigation. Objective: to assess some aspects of the communication of scientific results in investigations that assume a qualitative approach. Methods: an exploratory study within the qualitative approach was carried out at "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas from November to December 2020. Theoretical methods were used: inductive-deductive, from the abstract to the concrete and systematization; empirical ones: documentary analysis of theses, theses and other degree completion works and participant observation of the authors in various health institutions: defenses of doctorates and masters' degree , acting as opponents or members of the different scientific boards or as arbitrators in the review of articles scientists Results: the analysis of documents and the contextualized practice of the authors in various institutions has shown that the scientific results of qualitative studies are not always communicated with the rigor, clarity, accuracy and precision required by the norms of this type of communication. Although a qualitative approach is assumed, in reading the scientific text this position is not sufficiently clear, which in the area of ​​medical sciences it is usually highly complex given the versatility of its object of study. Another of the existing problems consists in the omission of methods and techniques of scientific research. Conclusions: the communication of scientific results in researches' which assume the qualitative approach is a living, dynamic and complex process par excellence from its dialectical core according to the social character of science and with the approach that is assumed.

Comparative bibliometric analysis of publications by past Royal Australasian College of Surgeons research scholarship recipients.

BACKGROUND: The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons awards scholarships to surgeons, surgical trainees and recipients focused on developing their clinical knowledge and improving outcomes for patients. A bibliometric analysis of research scholarship recipients publications and h-index scores was conducted to understand the benefits of receiving these scholarships. METHODS: A bibliometric analysis of Royal Australasian College of Surgeons scholarship recipients in 2015 was performed using Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, LinkedIn and PubMed to identify the number of publications, h-index scores, field-weighted citation impact and the relative citation ratio. RESULTS: Nineteen research scholarship recipients authored 842 publications, with 491 (58%) published after completion of their scholarship. Seven recipients published 50% or more of their articles in the 5 years since completion. Five recipients have each published more than 45 articles since 2015. H-index scores varied between Scopus and Google Scholar (overall range: 4-34). Scopus identified the most publications, followed by ResearchGate. Determining publication numbers for recipients was problematic due to self-reporting in some databases (i.e. Google Scholar, ResearchGate), variations in author names (i.e. maiden to married name), duplication of publications and the inclusion of supplementary material (i.e. extra tables) in self-reporting databases. Field-weighted citation impact and relative citation ratio values exceeded 1 on 12 occasions demonstrating recipients are more cited than the global average. CONCLUSION: Continuous tracking of publication rates and h-index scores of scholarship recipients demonstrates recipients' continuing interest in advancing and disseminating medical knowledge to improve patient outcomes. The 2015 scholarship recipients publication numbers continued to increase after their scholarship tenure.

Clinical Trial Outcomes in Urology: Assessing Early Discontinuation, Results Reporting and Publication in ClinicalTrials.Gov Registrations 2007-2019.

PURPOSE: Clinical trials require significant resources, but benefits are only realized after trial completion and dissemination of results. We comprehensively assessed early discontinuation, registry results reporting, and publication by trial sponsor and subspecialty in urology trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed trial registrations from 2007 to 2019 on ClinicalTrials.gov and publication data from PubMed®/MEDLINE®. Associations between sponsor or subspecialty with early discontinuation were assessed using Cox proportional hazards and results reporting or publication with logistic regression at 3 years after completion. RESULTS: Of 8,636 trials 3,541 (41.0%) were completed and 999 (11.6%) were discontinued. Of completed trials 26.9% reported results and 21.6% were published. Sponsors included academic institutions (53.1%), industry (37.1%) and the U.S. government (9.8%). Academic-sponsored (adjusted HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.96, p=0.012) and government-sponsored trials (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49-0.78, p <0.001) were less likely than industry to discontinue early. Government-sponsored trials were more likely to report (adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.17-2.54, p=0.006) and publish (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.23-2.89, p=0.004). Academic-sponsored trials were less likely to report (adjusted OR 0.65, CI:0.48-0.88, p=0.006) but more likely to publish (adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25-2.37, p <0.001). These outcomes were similar across subspecialties. However, endourology was more likely to discontinue early (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.53-2.95, p <0.001), general urology was more likely to report results (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13-2.11, p=0.006) and andrology was less likely to publish (adjusted OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.81, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Sponsor type is significantly associated with trial completion and dissemination. Government-sponsored trials had the best performance, while industry and academic-sponsored trials lagged in completion and results reporting, respectively. Subspecialty played a lesser role. Lack of dissemination remains a problem for urology trials.

Embedded implementation research determinants in Latin American health systems

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the determinants of embedded implementation research (EIR) conduct in seven Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS: This qualitative interpretative study conducted and analyzed 14 semi-structured interviews based on a grounded theory approach using Atlas-ti© 7.5.7. We grouped the conditions appointed by interviewees as determinants of EIR conduct into six domains. RESULTS: The participation of high-level engaged decision makers as research co-producers is an important EIR determinant that fosters research use. Nevertheless, EIR faces challenges such as dealing with key personnel changes and fluctuating political contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, EIR is effective in creating a sense of ownership of research results among implementers, which helps bridge the gap between research and decision-making in health systems.

Research Care and Teaching Care Research in the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia. Testimonies and Legacies in 70 years of Institutional Life, 1950-2020.

The development of care research and its teaching in the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia cannot be understood outside the context in which it emerges and from the trajectory of its leading players. This is how this article will present a synthesis of the future of research, with its principal milestones and events in institutional history, in dialogue with the trajectories of four teaching nurses, protagonists of key moments in said history and living testimony of 70 years of institutional life. This panorama seeks to constitute a referent for strategic reflection, which inspires new generations to meet the research challenges and teach care research.

Percepciones y creencias al uso de película comercial tipo epidemia/pandemia en el aula: Insumos para orientar el aprendizaje / Perceptions and beliefs to the use of epidemic / pandemic commercial film in the classroom: Inputs to guide learning

RESUMÉN Objetivo: Valorar el uso de la película comercial "Contagión" como estrategia para la enseñanza del método epidemiológico aplicado al campo de epidemias/pandemias. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un proyecto de aula que involucró diversas tecnologías emergentes y de comunicación para disponer de herramientas atractivas y pedagógicas que favorezcan aprendizaje significativo para abordaje de temáticas complejas. La actuación pedagógica involucró diversos insumos: inicialmente se presenta la caracterización de un cuestionario "ah doc" que valoró creencias y percepciones ante una epidemia/pandemia y cómo visibilizaban entes de salud locales e internacionales, los científicos, la comunidad y el uso de película en el escenario de aprendizaje. Participaron 131 estudiantes. Resultados: En síntesis, los estudiantes identifican que este tipo de película muestra una realidad para el 70,2% (acuerdo y totalmente de acuerdo),favorece conductas de protección en un 80,2 % y al 78,6 % le modifica su conocimiento con respecto a la protección de salud. Favorece un aprendizaje en el aula, y para el 42 % se expresa de manera indiferente un estereotipo muy alejado de los científicos. Con este insumo inicial se desarrolló la sesión introductoria de abordaje de puntos críticos en la metodología epidemiológica ante una epidemia/pandemia; lo que permitió ilustrar la acción epidemiológica versus el contexto real o simulado, destacando actuaciones que involucran actos humanos. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes expresaron actitud positiva respecto a la estrategia utilizada en el aula, que se constituye en un insumo pertinente, activo, crítico y eficaz para el aprendizaje en el aula.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the use of commercial film "Contagion" as a strategy for teaching the epidemiological method applied to the field of epidemics/pandemics. Materials and methods: This is a classroom project that involved various emerging and communication technologies in order to have attractive and pedagogical tools that encourage meaningful learning to address complex issues. The pedagogical action involved several inputs: Initially, the characterization of an "ah doc." questionnaire was presented, which evaluated beliefs and perceptions in the face of an epidemic/pandemic and how local and international health entities, scientists, the community and the use of film in the learning scenario made them visible, with 131 students participating. Results: In summary, students identified that this type of film shows a reality "in agreement and total agreement in 70.2 %, favors protective behavior in 80.2 % and 78.6 % modify their knowledge with respect to health protection. This positions that it favors a learning in the classroom and for 42 % it expresses in an indifferent way a stereotype very far from the scientists. With this initial input, the introductory session was held to address critical points in the epidemiological methodology in the face of an epidemic/pandemic, which made it possible to illustrate the epidemiological action versus the real or simulated context by highlighting actions involving human acts. Conclusions: Students expressed a positive attitude towards the strategy used in the classroom, which constitutes a relevant, active, critical and effective input for classroom learning.

Systematic analysis of global health research funding in Canada, 2000-2016.

OBJECTIVES: Considering recent shifts in global funding landscapes, this study analyzes Canada's long-term global health research funding trends in the hope of informing a new Canadian global health research strategy. Examining past investments can help prioritize limited future resources to either build on Canada's existing strengths or fill gaps where needed, while simultaneously informing the investments of research funders in other countries. METHODS: Administrative data were analyzed covering all 1584 global health research grants awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to 927 unique principal investigators from 2000 to 2016, totalling C$341 million. Existing metadata associated with each grant was supplemented by additional qualitative coding. Descriptive time-series analyses of global health research grant data were conducted using various measures related to each grant's recipient (e.g., province, university, sex, distribution) and subject matter (e.g., research theme, area, focus). RESULTS: CIHR's total annual global health research funding increased sharply from $3.6 million in FY2000/2001 to $30.3 million in FY2015/2016, with the largest share of research funding now focused on health equity-representing nearly 50% of CIHR's global health research funding. Past grants have concentrated on infectious disease and public health research. One third of CIHR's global health grant funding went to 20 principal investigators. Only 42.2% of global health research funding came from CIHR's open investigator-driven competitions, with the rest coming from strategic priority-driven competitions. CONCLUSION: Global health research has seen steady increases in funding from CIHR's open competitions when preceded by investment in strategic competitions, which suggests the level of a national research funding agency's strategic investments in global health research may determine the size of the field in their country. The greatest concentration of past investment lies in health equity research, followed by infectious disease research. Future analyses of research funding would benefit from an internationally accepted keyword classification scheme and more granular administrative data.

Factores relacionados con el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación científica disciplinar por personal de enfermería / Factors related to the development of curricular scientific research projects made by the nursing staff

Introducción: es ineludible revisar la situación de la investigación en enfermería en relación con las condicionantes y dificultades que entraña esta actividad para los profesionales de enfermería. Objetivo: identificar los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación científica disciplinar por el personal de enfermería de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó una muestra aleatoria de 177 enfermeras. Se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado para el estudio y estructurado con 25 preguntas, con alfa de Cronbach de 0.772. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron con porcentajes y frecuencias, y las cuantitativas con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. El análisis de factores se hizo con chi cuadrada. Resultados: la media de edad fue de 41 ± 7.91 años. El nivel académico del personal fue técnico en 46.9% y de licenciatura en 46.3%. El 15.3% del personal ha hecho proyectos de investigación; no obstante que el 5.6% del personal opina que casi siempre dedica tiempo para hacer investigación, 4.5% cuenta con apoyo económico en su área laboral para realizarla y 4% ha publicado. Fue significativa la relación entre quien hace investigación con el tiempo para su desarrollo (p < 0.05), así como con la publicación de artículos (p < 0.05). Conclusión: el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación científica disciplinar por el personal de enfermería está relacionado con el tiempo que dedican para ello y la publicación de artículos.

Introduction: It is unavoidable to review the status of nursing research, concerning the conditions and difficulties that this activity entails for nursing professionals. Objective: To identify the factors related to the development of curricular scientific research projects by the nursing staff from a third level hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study which included a random sample of 177 nurses. A questionnaire designed for the study and structured with 25 questions was administered; it had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.772. Qualitative variables were analyzed with percentages and frequencies and quantitative variables with measures of central tendency and dispersion. The factor analysis was carried out with chi-square test. Results: Mean age was 41 ± 7.91 years. The school level of staff was technical in 46.9% and undergraduate in 46.3%. 15.3% has done research projects; despite the fact that 5.6% of staff believe that they almost always dedicate time to do research, 4.5% have financial support in their work area to carry it out and 4% have published. It was significant the relationship between those who carry out research with the time they take to develop it (p < 0.05), as well as with the publication of articles (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The development of curricular scientific research projects by nurses is related to the time they spend on it and the publication of articles.

Nurse researchers and nursing assistants: construction and projection of polymorphous identities / Enfermero investigador y enfermero asistencial: construcción y proyección de identidades polimorfas / Enfermeiro pesquisador e enfermeiro assistencial: construção e projeção de identidades polimorfas

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meanings that nurse researchers and nursing assistants attribute to one another, and to the development of research produced by Nursing. Method: Qualitative research. The Grounded Theory and the Complexity Theory were used as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Ten nursing assistants and six research nurses participated in the research. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. The results were categorized by comparative analysis and validated by ten judges. Results: The valuation of nursing care research as well as interactions between research development and nursing care may be related to the way nursing assistants and nurse researchers perceive themselves. These perceptions are multifaceted. Conclusion: The meanings nurse researchers and nursing assistants attribute to each other reveal mechanisms of closeness and distance between these actors, as well as between research and nursing care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los significados que enfermeros investigadores y enfermeros asistenciales atribuyen el uno al otro, y al desarrollo de la investigación producida por la enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa. La Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos y el Paradigma de la Complejidad se utilizaron como referenciales teóricos y metodológicos, respectivamente. Participaron de la investigación diez enfermeros asistenciales y seis enfermeros investigadores. La entrevista semiestructurada fue utilizada como técnica de recolección de datos. Los resultados fueron categorizados por análisis comparativos y validados por diez jueces. Resultados: La valoración de la investigación por enfermeros asistenciales, así como interacciones entre el desarrollo de la investigación y asistencia de enfermería puede estar relacionado a la forma como enfermeros asistenciales y enfermeros investigadores se perciben. Estas percepciones se presentan de forma multifacética. Conclusión: Los significados que enfermeros encuestados y enfermeros asistenciales atribuyen uno al otro revelan mecanismos de aproximación y distanciamiento entre esos actores, así como entre la investigación y la asistencia de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os significados que enfermeiros pesquisadores e enfermeiros assistenciais atribuem um ao outro, e ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa produzida pela Enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Teoria da Complexidade foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos e metodológicos, respectivamente. Participaram da pesquisa dez enfermeiros assistenciais e seis enfermeiros pesquisadores. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados. Os resultados foram categorizados por análise comparativa e validados por dez juízes. Resultados: A valorização da pesquisa por enfermeiros assistenciais, bem como interações entre o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e assistência de enfermagem pode estar relacionado à forma como enfermeiros assistenciais e enfermeiros pesquisadores se percebem. Essas percepções se apresentam de forma multifacetada. Conclusão: Os significados que enfermeiros pesquisados e enfermeiros assistenciais atribuem um ao outro revelam mecanismos de aproximação e distanciamento entre esses atores, bem como entre a pesquisa e a assistência de enfermagem.

A brief analysis of projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of skin and its appendages / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyze projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of skin and its appendages,in order to provide references for preparing concluding reports and making discipline development strategies in the future.Methods The concluding reports of projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of skin and its appendages were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System.The achievements were analyzed,including journal articles,patents,talent training and monographs.Results A total of 91 projects were completed at the end of 2017 in the field of skin and its appendages,and the total cost of funds was 43.51 million RMB Yuan.A total of 452 journal articles were published,including 324 articles in the Science Citation Index (SCI)-indexed journals and 42 in the A Guide to the Core Journal of China-indexed journals.Additionally,0.74 SCI journal article and 0.10 Chinese core journal article could be produced per 100 000 RMB Yuan.The average impact factor of journals publishing these SCI articles was 3.972,and in average,100 000 RMB Yuan yielded 1 article in the journal with an impact factor of 2.92.Of the 324 published articles,46 and 102 were published in journals ranked within the first (Q1) and second (Q2) quartile,respectively,by Chinese Academy of Sciences.In all the SCI articles,14 were published in journals with impact factor of ＞ 10.There were 4 institutions with more than 5 completed projects,and a total of 129 (39.84％) SCI articles were published.Published SCI articles in the field of immune skin diseases accounted for the highest proportion (148/324,45.68％).A total of 152 talents were trained.Conclusions The support of NSFC in basic researches in the field of skin and its appendages has led to substantial achievements.More attention should be paid to the writing of concluding reports.Innovation consciousness should be raised,and project leaders should make more original and leading achievements in the future.

Limitaciones en los profesores de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spirítus en el desarrollo de investigaciones educativas / Limitations of Medical Sciences professors in Sancti Spirítus in the development of educational research

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las Ciencias Médicas se caracterizan por estudios profesionales en relación a la salud pública y al proceso de salud enfermedad, pero presentan debilidades en la formación del profesional de la Medicina, en el conocimiento y desarrollo de sus habilidades investigativas. Objetivo: Determinar las limitaciones del docente de las Ciencias Médicas en la investigación educativa en el colectivo de primer año de la carrera de Medicina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la población estuvo conformada por 30 docentes del colectivo de año, 3 directivos de la facultad el resto profesores principales de las asignaturas. Se realizó el análisis de documentos, la entrevista a directivos, docentes y estudiantes, la encuesta a docentes, y la triangulación de datos en la carrera de Medicina durante el curso 2017-2018 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus. Resultados: Reflejan la formación de un docente concentrado en el contenido de la enseñanza del saber disciplinar, en detrimento de su implicación hacia la investigación educativa, donde el colectivo del año académico no evidencia su potencial formativo. Conclusiones: La actuación del docente de las ciencias médicas se concibe desde lo individual y grupal en el ejercicio docente. Reconociendo que la investigación científica forma parte de sus funciones, pero se inclinan a la materia que imparten y el colectivo de año no los estimula hacia la investigación de los problemas educativos.

ABSTRACT Background: Medical Sciences are characterized by professional studies related to public health and the disease health process, but they present weaknesses in the training of the medical professional, also in the knowledge and development of their research skills. Objective: To determine the limitations of the Medical Sciences professors in the educational research in the first academic year group of the Medicine career. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out; the population consisted of 30 teachers from the teachers´ academic year group, 3 faculty directors, and the rest, some of the main professors of the subjects. The analysis of documents, the interview with managers, teachers and students, the survey of teachers, and the triangulation of data in the Medicine career during the course 2017-2018 at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences were used. Results: The performance of teacher of medical sciences is conceived from both, the individual and the group in the teaching practice. Recognizing that the scientific research is part of their functions, but they are mainly interested into the subject they teach and the teachers´ academic year group does not encourage them to research about educational problems.

Limitaciones en los profesores de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spirítus en el desarrollo de investigaciones educativas / Limitations of Medical Sciences professors in Sancti Spirítus in the development of educational research

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las Ciencias Médicas se caracterizan por estudios profesionales en relación a la salud pública y al proceso de salud enfermedad, pero presentan debilidades en la formación del profesional de la Medicina, en el conocimiento y desarrollo de sus habilidades investigativas. Objetivo: Determinar las limitaciones del docente de las Ciencias Médicas en la investigación educativa en el colectivo de primer año de la carrera de Medicina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la población estuvo conformada por 30 docentes del colectivo de año, 3 directivos de la facultad el resto profesores principales de las asignaturas. Se realizó el análisis de documentos, la entrevista a directivos, docentes y estudiantes, la encuesta a docentes, y la triangulación de datos en la carrera de Medicina durante el curso 2017-2018 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus. Resultados: Reflejan la formación de un docente concentrado en el contenido de la enseñanza del saber disciplinar, en detrimento de su implicación hacia la investigación educativa, donde el colectivo del año académico no evidencia su potencial formativo. Conclusiones: La actuación del docente de las ciencias médicas se concibe desde lo individual y grupal en el ejercicio docente. Reconociendo que la investigación científica forma parte de sus funciones, pero se inclinan a la materia que imparten y el colectivo de año no los estimula hacia la investigación de los problemas educativos.

ABSTRACT Background: Medical Sciences are characterized by professional studies related to public health and the disease health process, but they present weaknesses in the training of the medical professional, also in the knowledge and development of their research skills. Objective: To determine the limitations of the Medical Sciences professors in the educational research in the first academic year group of the Medicine career. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out; the population consisted of 30 teachers from the teachers´ academic year group, 3 faculty directors, and the rest, some of the main professors of the subjects. The analysis of documents, the interview with managers, teachers and students, the survey of teachers, and the triangulation of data in the Medicine career during the course 2017-2018 at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences were used. Results: The performance of teacher of medical sciences is conceived from both, the individual and the group in the teaching practice. Recognizing that the scientific research is part of their functions, but they are mainly interested into the subject they teach and the teachers´ academic year group does not encourage them to research about educational problems.

Embrioteca: espacio para la investigación científica y la docencia en la universidad médica villaclareña / Embrioteca: space for scientific research and teaching at the medical university of Villa Clara

Las embriotecas humanas son valiosas colecciones de material embrionario humano que honran las instituciones que las poseen. Entre las más citadas actualmente están prestigiosas embriotecas en España, Estados Unidos y Argentina. Resultan de un laborioso trabajo de recolección y procesamiento de delicadas muestras embrionarias con potencialidades de uso docente e investigativo. Han sido múltiples las aportaciones al conocimiento científico a partir del estudio de sus series, además del inestimable valor didáctico de las imágenes que atesoran. La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara presenta la modesta colección que posee, abierta a nuevas contribuciones y a los interesados en su consulta. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer su relevancia científica y docente en un contexto de revisión histórica y actualidad.

Human embryos are valuable collections of human embryonic material that honor the institutions that own them. Among the most cited are currently prestigious embryos in Spain, the United States and Argentina. They result from a laborious work of collection and processing of delicate embryonic samples with potential for teaching and research use. There have been many contributions to scientific knowledge from the study of their series, in addition to the invaluable didactic value of the images they treasure. The University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara presents the modest collection that it has, open to new contributions and to those interested in its consultation. The objective of this review is to expose its scientific and teaching relevance in a context of historical review and current affairs.